What type of species cannot be controlled without prior approval from a Conservation Officer?

The correct answer focuses on the necessity of obtaining prior approval from a Conservation Officer when dealing with certain wildlife species. White-tailed deer, black bears, and other specified wildlife are typically protected by local, state, or federal laws due to their ecological importance, population status, or conservation concerns. These laws often require a documentation process and possible permits to ensure that control measures are carried out legally and ethically.

Controlling these species without the proper approval could lead to unintended consequences, such as population declines, disruption of the ecosystem, or legal repercussions for the operator. This is why it is imperative to seek guidance from Conservation Officers before taking action regarding these animals.

Other options, such as small mammals or non-native species, may not require the same level of oversight. Additionally, there are usually specific regulations that govern how to manage certain species of birds, but they don't encompass the broad requirement needed for the specified species listed in the correct answer.